from
dan winter , lophi618@hotmail.com
5/21/2001 - cowritten with Dan Winter- Letter to the UN:Genetically Modified Foods-Threaten the Physics of COHERENCE (& Ensoulment?) in DNA
Ref - Dr.Todd - www.gematria.com , laser light triggered DNA braid conformation -
Spectral emissions- eeg: -
The Concept: Use the radical mathematical tool of SECOND ORDER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS (septrum) as I have newly pioneered in my "HEARTLINK" EKG Biofeedback invention - to measure and optimize the nature of the 'braiding' or 'context richness' of DNA codon groups. And thus eventually to make EMBEDABILITY, COMPRESSION and SUSTAINABILITY teachable at the genetic level. Further and profoundly 'self-empowering' implications are explored for relating the power spectra of human emotion to DNA braiding / programming. The key initial benefit to be the indentification and tagging of DNA losing self-organization by looking for harmonic intervals in it's spectral resonance which decay from the ideal PHI progression, inherent to it's micro AND macro geometry ( images at first links below). Only this new concept in Fourier Transform can quickly and efficiently identify this loss of self-organization. ( Our CD / Virtual University: THE ONLY PATH OUT OF CHAOS , available during our live presentation.)
To read about Dan Winter pioneering EKG biofeedback invention by harmonic analysis please see: Especially: http://www/heartcoherence.com
also - ../hearttuner , http://www.heartbeat2000.com , http://www.heartphire.com
(In collaboration with: DNA RESONANCE: How's The Radiance of Your Magnetic X Today? (about the onset of COHERENCE in DNA BRAID as critical to genetic engineering - by Dan Winter, in collaboration PhD Biophysicist - Adonia McKinzie) . The Dizzy DNA syndrome, (lack of self-organization) is caused when genetic engineers fail to prioritize what EMBEDS long waves in DNA.)
The concept is that when the spectral harmonics of any biological oscillator (DNA?) move toward harmonics SPACED IN PHI OR GOLDEN RATIO, this can measure the onset of -
1. A random oscillator emerging from chaos to self - organization.
2. That the oscillator (in this case - DNA) is mutating toward COMPRESSIBILITY.
3. The electrical geometry of IMPLOSION / the essence of self-organization and chaos emergence.
The input would be triggered and naturally occurring:
1- phonon (sonic)
2- capacitive (charge amplified)
3- Ultra Violet
4- RF (Radio Frequency)
spectral emissions of genetic material. Meaningful
broadband spectral data from DNA resonance in ANY of these bandwidths
could prove the concept.
(first- the background philosophy about coherence as compression perfected - measured by power spectra...)
Phi-R.I.C.A.I.S
How - Phi Recursion Induced Charge Acceleration / Implosion
IS the SOLUTION to:
ºInfinite Non-Destructive Collapse goldenmean.info/collapse
Infinite Compression / Perfect Acceleration / FUSION goldenmean.info/fusion
Perfect Damping / Phase Conjugation (optics etc)
Hydrodynamic Implosion (Ultimate Sorting) goldenmean.info/implosionegg
Non Linear Energy (Voltage from Gravity) goldenmean.info/notfree
Charge Acceleration thru C Light Speed (Gravity)
Measuring ATTENTION/ Bliss / Euphoria in EEG goldenmean.info/brainphire
Audio Tone Induction of EEG Transcendance goldenmean.info/rainbowserpent
Measuring EKG Heart Openness / Compassion heartcoherence.com
Self Organization from Chaos/Artificial Intelligence goldenmean.info/ai
Electrically Defining & Measuring LIFE FORCE goldenmean.info/biophoton
Pure Geometric Origin of Alphabets (symbol=to embed) http://spirals.eternite.com
The Shape of The Touch Which Says Love. goldenmean.info/touch
..How PhiRICAIS (Implosion)
is revealed by Spectrum Analysis
..and the Grail goldenmean.info/grail.html
Artificial Intelligence is BASED ON IMPLOSION / EMBEDDING / RECURSION. SEE Link:
Physics of Consiousness : "CONSCIOUSNESS AS A SELF REFERENTIAL SYSTEM" University Paper on ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE in Lisbon Portugal by Gustavo Figuerido, Based on Dan Winter's Work also Mentions Dr. Otto Van Nieuwenhuijze's work - 66 page draft copy. Thus Paving the Way to Teach Awareness Itself Based on Self- Reference - Implosion in Wave Geometry. A complete theory of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and SELF ORGANIZATION
based on my work on the wave mathematics of recursion, from the University in Lisbon, reprint soon. Lays the theoretical foundation for HOW waves become self organizing in any biological oscillator. Providing the essence of the principle for the origins of self awareness in DNA. .: Click here to view / print - preliminary version of this paper.
Self Reference-Artificial Intelligence
. We can prove by Spectrum Analysis Determining DNA Implosion That Genetic Researchers Must Take into Account Braid Recursion / Embedding Structure - WHICH WILL COME TO DEFINE ENSOULMENT IN THE GENES.
All we need is access to existing academic research which takes spectral emissions of DNA in any one of several frequencies (audio/phonon , uv , rf , microwave , infrared , etc.). And we could apply this mathematics of embedding to PROVE to genetic engineers that their failure to understand BRAID implosion in the structural nesting of DNA, could cost our children their soul. In other words, we show when the harmonics of DNA begin NON-DESTRUCTIVE COMPRESSION, and we can give a whole to meaning to SELF ORGANIZATION in genetic material!
Introduction: The core of DNA is clearly inhabited by a wave of electrical charge whose geometry is the MOST self-similar or fractal of all the waves of nature.
ref: DNA-Let's take it from the top! ...
D. The realization that the future survival of our genepool probably requires an explicit understanding of what 'squirts' thru light speed out of DNA. When harmonic velocities build up faster than light speed, ultimately an infinite number of wave VELOCITIES as well as wave lengths can converge at one point. This evolution to implosion linking wave fronts between multiples of C light speed, is in physics the essence of what is LIFE itself. It requires so much recursion and self similarity of wave structure, that only DNA based systems maintain the wave nesting properly.
The input data in the form of a frequency signature -from any one of the above spectral regions- would be fed to the modified SEPTRUM form of the 2nd order FFT as used in heartlink. The output would be the form of the 2nd order fft display below 2 hz - first peak amplitude equals radical new COHERENCE MEASURE, first peak POSITION (inverse to musical fundamental of the DNA measured ) would indicate log PHI harmonic (membrane bridging) when genetic material was succeeding in implosion / self organization, versus log 2 harmonic when moving toward cancer and related MEMBRANE MAKING syndrome.
The radical hypothesis of this research experiment - is that DNA self-organzation can be measured and taught by harmonic analysis (and SUSTAINED in self-empowerment using proper charge dense symmetry - known as BLISS - see The Purpose of Genes:Bliss vs. Money?,Government Based on the VALUE of Bliss? "What would happen if a culture as a whole recognized that what creates survival in genetic material is the physics of bliss?"
However, regardless of the result of this test, DECODE GENETICS could rather quickly assemble a tabular correlation of key spectral signatures based on elegant 2nd order FFT / septrum data, to correlate disease tendancies with spectral identifiers.
Profound precedent exists for identifying disease almost instantly using biological spectral emissions to note MISSING harmonics - see 1. The REAL Heart Math: Music from the EKG Shows up in the Voice When you Speak from your Heart? ,
2. Marysol BIOSONIC Sound to Healing Software
Environment - http://members.aol.com/photonica/COHERENCE.htm
,
http://members.aol.com/photonica/BIOSONICprogram.htm
, http://members.aol.com/biosonica/BIOSONICA.htm
3. http://www.BioWaves.com/ ('Phi' analyzer)
4. Keyword: "Signature Sound Works"
We have successfully applied this 2nd order FFT - EKG for measurement of coherence in emotion- ref 1 , 2, 3, 4
Here the 2nd order FFT / (Septrum) - center right display - illustrates the amount of internal complex coherence in each biological osicallor-
yellow is the persons EEG, blue is the EKG. Note the musical fundamental (EI - Emotional Index / inverse ) is remarkably close to .62 Golden Mean ratio.
When this concept is applied to EKG - it makes the measure of immortality ( EMBEDDING . superlooping as nesting perfecting in EKG correlates statistically with the end of virtually all chronic diseases) possible - as simply wave sustainability. We propose to apply this to DNA spectral measurement to prove to genetic engineers they risk the self-awareness / self-organization factor (braiding) which sustains DNA's as a wave. (Loss of coherence = loss of braiding = loss of soul?). (See NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SHOWN = to be GEOMETRY OF SELF EMBEDDING - in which geometry DNA is rich)
summary of key related articles: (most by myself, Dan Winter, unless otherwise noted)
The original concept that "CONTEXT DEPENDENCY" which I have quantified as braiding / harmonic analysis, is the MECHANISM which makes DNA (as an information relaying waveguide device) signal to noise ratio very high, is here acknowledged to "Grammatical Man - Information, Entropy, Language and Life" book by Jeremy Campbell. The essential message here is that codon sequences in themselves are only the machine code of DNA, the groupings - disciplined as braiding - measured by FFT - are the high level programming language. And further that these groupings or nesting units, assembled into wave envelopes by the piezoelectric sound pony tail of human emotion, program which sites are active and replicate to the RNA by selecting which are mechanically tucked INTO vesus OUT OF the braid. (which determines which ones RNA gets access to ).
DNA RESONANCE: How's The Radiance of Your Magnetic X Today? (about the onset of COHERENCE in DNA BRAID as critical to genetic engineering - by Dan Winter, in collaboration PhD Biophysicist - Adonia McKinzie) . The Dizzy DNA syndrome, (lack of self-organization) is caused when genetic engineers fail to prioritize what EMBEDS long waves in DNA.
Why DNA's interstitial spacing is NOT -
JUNK DNA-http://www.inter-dimensions.com/en-us/pg_62.html
the vibrational behaviour of the DNA.: "Living
chromosomes function just like solitonic-holographic computers
using the endogenous DNA laser radiation." This means that
they managed for example to modulate certain frequency patterns
onto a laser ray and with it influenced the DNA frequency and
thus the genetic information itself.
SuperConductant DNA vs. Braiding and Sustainability / "Ensoulment"?
"BRAIDING DNA IS EMOTION THE WEAVER?"
Braiding DNA : ANIMATION moving Tour 9/98
from an associate- William Pensinger, A Dynamical Theory Describing Superconductant DNA." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 15:3, http://www.peaknet.org/webpages/autopoy/ithapapers/text.html#DNA
DNA music/ research.. long sonics and the briad of genes:DNA & Protein Music
Fusion-Phi Phenomenon-Unlocking Ultimate PHIre. , Is the key to cold fusion - the strangely DODEC shape of palladium - held within the Dodeca wratchet that is DNA's 'phi' geometry. Along with "The Phi Phenomenon" key to VISUAL Fusion, is the possibility of FUSION at the Atomic Level, intimately linked to the pure principle of Golden Ratio based PHI Embedding with all the Implications of creating self-organizing/self-aware wave systems this implies..?
DNA Wiring: DNA as Radio Transmitter / DNA as Magnetic Superconductor
Is Embedding a Mathematical Opposite to Cancer as Wave Fractionation (apply this to DNA?)
Is the onset of "FRACTAL" harmonic inclusiveness (as precisely would be made measureable using the HeartLink SEPTRUM FFT on DNA) the statistical KEY to the elimination of virtually every known chronic disease, and aging? - please read: The Origin of Disease and Health Heart Waves (apply the superlooping graphics there for EKG instead to DNA! which describe perfect nesting , which Dr; Dardik M.D. -olympic medical committethere did not know I can now measure / qunatify )
The Perfect Geometry of Wave Collapse - Neurophysics Solution the Nature of Consciousness (Our project here would apply this concept of perfect wave collapse geometrically, using FFT -harmonic analysis- to DNA).
Braiding DNA, Is Emotion the Weaver?
For ANIMATION OF THIS BRAIDING IDEA see the new Braiding DNA : ANIMATION moving Tour 9/98
DNA "Grooving" Measureably Closer to PHI Embedding with Time?
Main Compression / Scale Invariance - How to Spin to the Center of THE Tornado.. "You couldn't get a better squeeze" - article_. ../bettersqueeze/squeeze.html , DNA is like the toothpaste you do NOT buy for the value of the tube- but rather for the value of what squeezes out.
Is making a soul the result of compressing by perfected recursion of a sustainable tornado thru the speed of light up the zipper of DNA? - and does that perfect squeezing or charge compression of genes correspond to the capacitive 'condensor' nature of human bliss / igniting DNA to implode - self empowered and from the inside out.?
Philosophy / theory of mind as recrusive collapse: ../collapse ,
Best 3D Animations of Phi Stellating Dodec/Icos compressive structures: ../warming ,
Animation of perfect compression (THE TRUE HOLY GRAIL IS PERFECT GEOMETRIC EMBEDDING IN DNA) at the original ../grail.html
EMBEDABILITY MONITORING-AS THE HEART GEOMETRIZES, SO FEELING EMBEDS..Now we have discussed elsewhere, that this skill to get DNA braided so that it's field effects EMBED implode themselves into anything outside them.
And that this skill to get the structure of DNA aligned into this perfect self-containment, apparently emminates from the Heart. It's simple a sonic pony tail from a coherently ecstatic heart, does the braiding of your DNA which lines up the short waves (codon sequences) to the long waves (long sonic envelopes in DNA's braid). This then allows the slinky wave mechanics to add and multiply recursively up and down the ladder, accounting for the wave velocities eventually heterodyning or simple beating thru lightspeed. (../superDNA ) Faster than light implosion lightning at the center of DNA is measureable (William Pensinger) (same for gold filaments under hi amps!). For the physics of how this properly heart induced implosion accounts for the gravitation we call black holes etc. (the solution to Einstein's quandry to model the geometry of inPHIkni implosion to understand why black holes bend time).. please see: ../predictions .
Using the Heart Harmonics to Ignite the Earth Grid, Animations!
Heart Rate Variability and the Breath?
Embeddability Monitoring Breakthru for HeartBeat2000.
The Mathematics of Self-Awareness: - A Proposal For A Global Media Self-Awareness Feedback Project.
CLINICAL USE OF RECURSION HARMONICS
EKG Power Spectra:Does the Heart Become measureably
Musical at the moment of
Love? ../ekgrad/ekgrad3.htm
Size 29k 1999-09-19
Coherence: Defining & Measuring, in the Heart and in All Oscillators. ../coherence/index.html Size 7k 1999-09-19
MODULATION OF DNA BY COHERENT HEART FREQUENCIES ../rein/index.html Size 20k 1999-08-08
IS THIS RECURSION?KEY TO THE HARMONIC GEOMETRY OF BIOLOGICAL OSCILLATORS ../isthisrecursion/apta.html Size 38k 1999-09-19
THE PHYSICS OF Phi, Compression, Implosion,
Gravity, Time, and Love ../physicsofphi/PhysicsofPHI.html
PMB #267, 22-C New Leicester Hwy, Asheville, NC 28806 USA
lophi618@hotmail.com , online info, goldenmean.info -
Project I - Prove That Implosion Based EKG Feedback and Neurofeedback Can Sustainably Eliminate Addiction and Attnetion Deficit Disorder - In the Process Practically Replacing Drugs for Young People With Self Empowering BLISS Process : Reinventing RAVE.
Project II - Prove that Life Force and 'Quality of Life Energy' can be Defined and Measured and then Optimized by Harmonic Analaysis. We Amplify then Spectrum Analyze to Determine IMPLOSION ONSET (2nd order FFT: the Septrum - as in HEARTLINK) the Capacitive Field around ANY Living Substance to Compare it's LIFE ENERGY and SELF ORGANIZING Capability. 2 Major Variables tell us it's LIFE FORCE Comparison - both come from the SEPTRUM - a.) the AMOUNT of INTERNAL COHERENCE as a complex oscillator - as indicated by the AMPLITUDE of the first harmonic peak of the SEPTRUM , and b.) The POSITION or Value of that Septrum 1st Peak indicates a MUSICAL FUNDAMENTAL which is GOLDEN RATIO INSTEAD OF OCTAVE when IMPLOSION / SELF-ORGANIZATION onsets. Example : Schaubergers Piezoelectric Water Implosion Vortex to Make Electricity from Gravity began when COLDNESS increased - which with this technique we can now MEASURE and optimize.
Please See: Defining Life Force - Purposing Human / Touch Systems
Completing the project we began in the lab - using the 'Callahan Probe' but optimized to a measurement 'well' concept. To measure LIFE FORCE in any substance - not just by measuring CHARGE - but by looking at the CHARGE HARMONICS for the onset of embedding - becoming ALIVE. ( more detail: The Nature of Consciousness - To Self Refer = To Self Embed = To Become Self Aware )
(quote from "Celestine Prophecy": 'all human interactions are about CHARGE')
EXAMPLE OF MEASURING OF LIFE FORCE USING SPECTRUM ANALYSIS ON CHARGE (CAPACITIVE OR CHARGE AMPLIFICATION FED INTO SPECTRUM ANALYZER... (Not shown is the addition of second order FFT or septrum as in heartlink, where the AMOUNT of coherence is elegantly measured in one peak.)
(click for more on measuring LIFE FORCE)
Sea Water Soaked Hemp Fibres Functioning as a capactior, lying under a tree. Amplify the charge, and spectrum analyze,
note the Schumann harmonic in the cascade... Note at arrow how human emotion measureable effects this tree.
Other examples of emotion effects measured on trees: Measuring the Effect of Tree Hugging!
Project III - World Touch University: (VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY on CD as delivered earlier to you. ) - . The Harmonic Geometry of PEACEMAKING in Principle. Prove that PEACE on the LAND is CREATE-able by extending the SACRO CRANIAL Principle that by adding ATTENTION to TOUCH - FUSION / Implosion by PHASE SORTING is Created in the Spine. This means we can enact that same IMPLOSION symmetry which heals the SPINE Pump to BLISS - by arranging LONG WAVE MAGNETIC LINES to Fractal Rose like geometry on the land. Villages and towns find that the EMOTIONS can touch and NOT DESTROY (non-destructive compression) across the land. a.) We measure soil magnetic flux permissivity (which when it is NOT present - my friend Professor Phil Callahan illustrated is a predictor of WAR ) , b.) We rearrange long wave magnetics in the LAND - with LABYRINTHS, DOLMEN, FENG SHUI - GRID ENGINEER - GEOMANTICS - see 'Uriel's Machine' - and "Bill Witherspoons" Land Sri Yantra Eliminates Desert - Even restore the CLIMATE pattern out of CHAOS by Fractality in the MAGNETICS between Jet Streams , Tectonics , Ley Lines the Size of Mountain Ranges. In summary - we teach that THE ONLY PATH OUT OF CHAOS FOR ANY WAVE SYSTEM IS THE IMPLOSION PATH - WITH - HEART OF EMBEDDING by FRACTAL and SELF SIMILARITY. To SELF ORGANIZE IS by PERFECT EMBEDDING is to BECOME SELF AWARE and END THE NEED TO DIE - the PERFECT PEACE - fullness.
. Prove by Spectrum Analysis of Implosion in Long Wave Earth Magnetics / Tectonic ELF MicroQuake / Jet Streams- That Global Survival of the Solar MAXIMUM Depends on Implementing the Principles of COMPRESSION / IMPLOSION. Rearranging land to embed - become rose like in fractality of long magnetic lines - could save the Earth from Solar extinction! - First Attachment -
attachments for PROJECT III:
*. SOLUTION TO GLOBAL WARMING - Rearrange Magnetic Lines to Embed - Proving the Effect on Climate / Precipitation / Rainfall and Cooling. Click here to view paper: Solution to Global Warming: ReArrange Land Magnetic Lines...to EMBED!(animation illustrations)
3. Does The Prize of PEACE Depend on Understanding the Pure SCIENCE of What Peace IS ? Paper sent with CD to our Interface with the Nobel Peace prize Committee - "Does the Prize of Peace Depend on Understanding the Pure Science of What Peace Is? : The SYMMETRY OF MAGNETISM That Embeds or Nests Perfectly - On the LAND and IN THE HEART and MEASUREABLE / Teachable.
4. WORLD TOUCH University for Peace
5. Report on Nobel Peace Prize Committee Project to Teach Peace by PRINCIPLE OF EMBEDDING - from Pamela Hiley in Oslo, Norway.
Refining our extensive research that PEACEMAKING can be taught scientifically, as a field effect which self organizes mathematically - and permits TOUCH - first at a human individual level - then at a community level .
Principle: establish magnetic SYMMETRY, and emotions / field effects become shareable -
1st - in one body (the sacro cranial - see link)- IS THIS RECURSION?KEY TO THE HARMONIC GEOMETRY OF BIOLOGICAL OSCILLATORS
2nd - on the land -- Long wave magnetic grid tuning (labyrinth / grid aligning for 1st neighborhoods - then whole bioregions.
Grid Engineering/Geomancy/Magnetic Geometrics for Earth
Originally it was spectral harmonics of plate tectonics which predicted Earthquakes (.. Trombley, Bill Bise et al). Now we can extend this model to predict which bio-regions can withstand solar maxima magnetics. This is the language of physics telling us what will survive the 'rapture'.
Project IV - Prove that IMPLOSION in Water can be perfected to SORT and Purify ANY LIQUID OR GAS. Healing Water Using Geometry in Flow Form / Ultimate Water Purifier, Perfected Spin Nozzle based on Phi Recursion -propose in integrate: A.) Randy Ziesmis - rf field sweep water purification. B. )Lee Ciampi - potassium ferrate - High O^2 chlorine replacement (Chem-Techs), C. ) Collaborate to optimize Implosion Vortex Spin Devices - based on my actual equations for the perfect shape of the vortex imploding nozzle in 3D - then adding MAGNETIC fields aligned with the pressurized nozzle. (with Implosion Research group UK , per teleconference) Healing Water Using Geometry in Flow Form
6. Implosion Water Nozzle Drawings - Hydrodynamic Flow Pattern to by COMPLEMENTED BY A MAGNETIC PATTERN SUPERPOSED ON THE WATER AS IT ENTERS THE CORRECTED CONE VORTEX. Ultimate Water Purifier, Perfected Spin Nozzle based on Phi Recursion
-propose in integrate: ( I need to introduce these groups to you - they are friends.)
A. Randy Ziesmis - rf field sweep water purification
B. Lee Ciampi - potassium ferrate - High O^2 chlorine replacement (Chem-Techs)
C. Collaborate to optimize Implosion Vortex Spin Devices - based on my actual equations for the perfect shape of the vortex imploding nozzle in 3D - then adding MAGNETIC fields aligned with the pressurized nozzle. (with Implosion Research group UK , per teleconference)
Project VII. Using Heart Harmonics in a Self Empowered Biofeedback Game Environment to Empower Young People to Created a Global Mind based on Entrained Hearts. Harmonic Module:Global Heart Entrainment Dream-ReAssembles-HeartBeat 2000 - Through One Heart into the New Millenium ,.. HeartBeat 2000 Update:Project Goes GLOBAL!,.. The Harmonic Module,A PLAN FOR A GLOBAL MEDIA BIOFEEDBACK VISUAL EVENT.
Approximately 20 Major Articles by Dan Winter on this Concept Linked at goldenmean.info.HEART LINK
http://www.mindfully.org/GE/GE4/DNA-Myth-CommonerFeb02.htm
Article written by Barry Commoner. Conclusions drawn by
the Human Genome
Project undermines the critical basis of DNA theory upon which
Genetic
Engineering is based?
UNRAVELING THE DNA MYTH
The spurious foundation of genetic engineering
Barry Commoner / Harper's Magazine Feb02
Barry Commoner is senior scientist at the Center for the Biology
of Natural
Systems at Queens College, City University of New York, where
he directs
the Critical Genetics Project. Readers can obtain a list of references
used
as sources for this article by sending a request to cbns@cbns.qc.edu.
Biology once was regarded as a languid, largely descriptive
discipline, a
passive science that was content, for much of its history, merely
to
observe the natural world rather than change it. No longer. Today
biology,
armed with the power of genetics, has replaced physics as the
activist
Science of the Century, and it stands poised to assume godlike
powers of
creation, calling forth artificial forms of life rather than undiscovered
elements and subatomic particles. The initial steps toward this
new Genesis
have been widely touted in the press. It wasn't so long ago that
Scottish
scientists stunned the world with Dolly1, the fatherless sheep
cloned
directly from her mother's cells; these techniques have now been
applied,
unsuccessfully, to human cells. ANDi2, a photogenic rhesus monkey,
recently
was born carrying the gene of a luminescent jellyfish. Pigs now
carry a
gene for bovine growth hormone and show significant improvement
in weight
gain, feed efficiency, and reduced fat.3 Most soybean plants grown
in the
United States have been genetically engineered to survive the
application
of powerful herbicides. Corn plants now contain a bacterial gene
that
produces an insecticidal protein rendering them poisonous to earworms.4
Our leading scientists and scientific entrepreneurs (two labels
that are
increasingly interchangeable) assure us that these feats of technological
prowess, though marvelous and complex, are nonetheless safe and
reliable.
We are told that everything is under control. Conveniently ignored,
forgotten, or in some instances simply suppressed, are the caveats,
the
fine print, the flaws and spontaneous abortions. Most clones exhibit
developmental failure before or soon after birth, and even apparently
normal clones often suffer from kidney or brain malformations.5
ANDi,
perversely, has failed to glow like a jellyfish. Genetically modified
pigs
have a high incidence of gastric ulcers, arthritis, cardiomegaly
(enlarged
heart), dermatitis, and renal disease. Despite the biotechnology
industry's
assurances that genetically engineered soybeans have been altered
only by
the presence of the alien gene, as a matter of fact the plant's
own genetic
system has been unwittingly altered as well, with potentially
dangerous
consequences.6 The list of malfunctions gets little notice; biotechnology
companies are not in the habit of publicizing studies that question
the
efficacy of their miraculous products or suggest the presence
of a serpent
in the biotech garden.
Glossary of terms
Alternative splicing: Reshuffling of the RNA transcription of
a gene's
nucleotide sequence that generates multiple proteins.
Cell: The fundamental, irreducible unit of life.
Central dogma: A theory concerning the relation among DNA, RNA,
and protein
in which the nucleotide sequence of DNA exclusively governs its
own
replication and engenders a specific genetic code trait.
Chaperone protein: Folds new strung-out proteins into the ball-like
structure that specifies their biochemical activity.
Gene: A term applied to segments of DNA that encode specific proteins
that
give rise to inherited traits. Human DNA contains about 30,000
genes. The
term's meaning has become increasingly uncertain.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid. A large molecule composed of a specific
sequence of four kinds of nucleotides found in the nucleus of
living cells.
Nucleotide: The four kinds of subunits of which nucleic acid is
constructed.
RNA: Ribonucleic acid. Its various forms transmit genetic information
from
DNA to protein.
Spliceosome: A specialized group of proteins and ribonucleic acids
that
carries out alternate splicing.
The mistakes might be dismissed as the necessary errors that
characterize
scientific progress. But behind them lurks a more profound failure.
The
wonders of genetic science are all founded on the discovery of
the DNA
double helix-by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953-and they
proceed
from the premise that this molecular structure is the exclusive
agent of
inheritance in all living things: in the kingdom of molecular
genetics, the
DNA gene is absolute monarch. Known to molecular biologists as
the "central
dogma," the premise assumes that an organism's genome-its
total complement
of DNA genes---should fully account for its characteristic assemblage
of
inherited traits.7 The premise, unhappily, is false. Tested between
1990
and 2001 in one of the largest and most highly publicized scientific
undertakings of our time, the Human Genome Project, the theory
collapsed
under the weight of fact. There are far too few human genes to
account for
the complexity of our inherited traits or for the vast inherited
differences between plants, say, and people. By any reasonable
measure, the
finding (published last February) signaled the downfall of the
central
dogma; it also destroyed the scientific foundation of genetic
engineering
and the validity of the biotechnology industry's widely advertised
claim
that its methods of genetically modifying food crops are "specific,
precise, and predictable"8 and therefore safe. In short,
the most dramatic
achievement to date of the $3 billion Human Genome Project is
the
refutation of its own scientific rationale.
Since Crick first proposed it forty-four years ago, the central
dogma has
come to dominate biomedical research. Simple, elegant, and easily
summarized, it seeks to reduce inheritance, a property that only
living
things possess, to molecular dimensions: The molecular agent of
inheritance
is DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, a very long, linear molecule tightly
coiled
within each cell's nucleus. DNA is made up of four different kinds
of
nucleotides, strung together in each gene in a particular linear
order or
sequence. Segments of DNA comprise the genes that, through a series
of
molecular processes, give rise to each- of our inherited traits:
Guided by Crick's theory, the Human Genome Project was intended
to identify
and enumerate all of the genes in the human body by working out
the
sequence of the three billion nucleotides in human DNA. In 1990,
James
Watson described the Human Genome Project as "the ultimate
description of
life." It will yield, he claimed, the information "that
determines if you
have life as a fly, a carrot, or a man." Walter Gilbert,
one of the
project's earliest proponents, famously observed that the 3 billion
nucleotides found in human DNA would easily fit on a compact disc,
to which
one could point and say, "Here is a human being; it's me!"9
President Bill
Clinton described the human genome as "the language in which
God created
life."10 How could the minute dissection of human DNA into
a sequence of 3
billion nucleotides support such hyperbolic claims? Crick's crisply
stated
theory attempts to answer that question. It hypothesizes a clear-cut
chain
of molecular processes that leads from a single DNA gene to the
appearance
of a particular inherited trait. The explanatory power of the
theory is
based on an extravagant proposition: that the DNA genes have unique,
absolute, and universal control over the totality of inheritance
in all
forms of life.
In order to control inheritance, Crick reasoned, genes would
need to govern
the synthesis of protein, since proteins form the cell's internal
structures and, as enzymes, catalyze the chemical events that
produce
specific inherited traits. The ability of DNA to govern the synthesis
of
protein is facilitated by their similar structures-both are linear
molecules composed of specific sequences of subunits. A particular
gene is
distinguished from another by the precise linear order (sequence)
in which
the four different nucleotides appear in its DNA. In the same
way, a
particular protein is distinguished from another by the specific
sequence
of the twenty different kinds of amino acids of which it is made.
The four
kinds of nucleotides can be arranged in numerous possible sequences,
and
the choice of any one of them in the makeup of a particular gene
represents
its "genetic information" in the same sense that, in
poker, the order of a
hand of cards informs the player whether to bet high on a straight
or drop
out with a meaningless set of random numbers.
Crick's "sequence hypothesis" neatly links the gene
to the protein: the
sequence of the nucleotides in a gene "is a simple code for
the amino acid
sequence of a particular protein."11 This is shorthand for
a series of
well-documented molecular processes that transcribe the gene's
DNA
nucleotide sequence into a complementary sequence of ribonucleic
acid (RNA)
nucleotides that, in turn, delivers the gene's code to the site
of protein
formation, where it determines the sequential order in which the
different
amino acids are linked to form the protein. It follows that in
each living
thing there should be a one-to-one correspondence between the
total number
of genes and the total number of proteins. The entire array of
human
genes-that is, the genome must therefore represent the whole of
a person's
inheritance, which distinguishes a person from a fly, or Walter
Gilbert
from anyone else. Finally, because DNA is made of the same four
nucleotides
in every living thing, the genetic code is universal, which means
that a
gene should be capable of producing its particular protein wherever
it
happens to find itself, even in a different species.
Crick's theory includes a second doctrine, which he originally
called the
"central dogma" (though this term is now generally used
to identify his
theory as a whole). The hypothesis is typical Crick: simple, precise,
and
magisterial. "Once (sequential) information has passed into
protein it
cannot get out again."12 This means that genetic information
originates in
the DNA nucleotide sequence and terminates, unchanged, in the
protein amino
acid sequence. The pronouncement is crucial' to the explanatory
power of
the theory because it endows the gene with undiluted control over
the
identity of the protein and the inherited trait that the protein
creates.
To stress the importance of this genetic taboo, Crick bet the
future of the
entire enterprise on it, asserting that "the discovery of
just one type of
present-day cell" in which genetic information passed from
protein to
nucleic acid or from protein to protein "would shake the
whole intellectual
basis of molecular biology."13
Crick was aware of the brashness of his bet, for it was known
that in
living cells proteins come into promiscuous molecular contact
with numerous
other proteins and with molecules of DNA and RNA. His insistence
that these
interactions are genetically chaste was designed to protect the
DNA's
genetic message-the gene's nucleotide sequence-from molecular
intruders
that might change the sequence or add new ones as it was transferred,
step
by step, from gene to protein and thus destroy the theory's elegant
simplicity.
Last February, Crick's gamble suffered a spectacular loss.
In the journals
Nature and Science and at joint press conferences and television
appearances, the two genome research teams reported their results.
The
major result was "unexpected."14 Instead of the 100,000
or more genes
predicted by the estimated number of human proteins, the gene
count was
only about 30,000. By this measure, people are only about as gene-rich
as a
mustard-like weed (which has 26,000 genes) and about twice as
genetically
endowed as a fruit fly or a primitive worm-hardly an adequate
basis for
distinguishing among "life as a fly, a carrot, or a man."
In fact, an
inattentive reader of genomic CDs might easily mistake Walter
Gilbert for a
mouse, 99 percent of whose genes have human counterparts.15
The surprising results contradicted the scientific premise
on which the
genome project was undertaken and dethroned its guiding theory,
the central
dogma. After all, if the human gene count is too low to match
the number of
proteins and the numerous inherited traits that they engender,
and if it
cannot explain the vast inherited difference between a weed and
a person,
there must be much more to the "ultimate description of life"
than the
genes, on their own, can tell us.
Scientists and journalists somehow failed to notice what had
happened. The
discovery that the human genome is not much different from the
roundworm's
led Dr. Eric Lander, one of the leaders of the project, to declare
that
humanity should learn "a lesson in humility."17 In the
New York Times,
Nicholas Wade merely observed that the project's surprising results
will
have an "impact on human pride" and that "human
self-esteem may be in for
further blows" from future genome analyses, which had already
found that
the genes of mice and men are very similar.16
The project's scientific reports offered little to explain
the shortfall in
the gene count. One of the possible explanations for why the gene
count is
"so discordant with our predictions" was described,
in full, last February
in Science as follows: "nearly 4096 of human genes are alternatively
spliced."18 Properly understood, this modest, if esoteric,
account fulfills
Crick's dire prophecy: it "shakes the whole intellectual
basis of molecular
biology" and undermines the-scientific validity of its application
to
genetic engineering.
Alternative splicing is a startling departure from the orderly
design of
the central dogma, in which the distinctive nucleotide sequence
of a single
gene encodes the amino acid sequence of a single protein. According
to
Crick's sequence hypothesis, the gene's nucleotide sequence (i.e.,
its
"genetic information") is transmitted, altered in form
but not in content,
through RNA intermediaries, to the distinctive amino acid sequence
of a
particular protein. In alternative splicing, however, the gene's
original
nucleotide sequence is split into fragments that are then recombined
in
different ways to encode a multiplicity of proteins, each of them
different
in their amino acid sequence from each other and from the sequence
that the
original gene, if left intact, would encode.
The molecular events that accomplish this genetic reshuffling
are focused
on a particular stage in the overall DNA-RNA-protein progression.
It occurs
when the DNA gene's nucleotide sequence is transferred to the
next genetic
carrier-messenger RNA. A specialized group of fifty to sixty proteins,
together with five small molecules of RNA-known as a
"spliceosome"-assembles at sites along the length of
the messenger RNA,
where it cuts apart various segments of the messenger RNA. Certain
of these
fragments are spliced together into a number of alternative combinations,
which then have nucleotide sequences that differ from the gene's
original
one. These numerous, redesigned messenger RNAs govern the production
of an
equal number of proteins that differ in their amino acid sequence
and hence
in the inherited traits that they engender. For example, when
the word TIME
is rearranged to read MITE, EMIT, and ITEM, three alternative
units of
information are created from an original one. Although the original
word
(the unspliced messenger RNA nucleotide sequence) is essential
to the
process, so is the agent that performs the rearrangement (the
spliceosome).19
Alternative splicing can have an extraordinary impact on the
gene/protein
ratio. We now know that a single gene originally believed to encode
a
single protein that occurs in cells of the inner ear of chicks
(and of
humans) gives rise to 576 variant proteins, differing in their
amino acid
sequences.20 The current record for the number of different proteins
produced from a single gene by alternative splicing is held by
the fruit
fly, in which one gene generates up to 38,016 variant protein
molecules.21
Alternative splicing thus has a devastating impact on Crick's
theory: it
breaks open the hypothesized isolation of the molecular system
that
transfers genetic information from a single gene to a single protein.
By
rearranging the single gene's nucleotide sequence into a multiplicity
of
new messenger RNA sequences, each of them different from the unspliced
original, alternative splicing can be said to generate new genetic
information. Certain of the spliceosome's proteins and RNA components
have
an affinity for particular sites and, binding to them, form an
active
catalyst that cuts the messenger RNA and then rejoins the resulting
fragments. The spliceosome proteins thus contribute to the added
genetic
information that alternative splicing creates. But this conclusion
conflicts with Crick's second hypothesis-that proteins cannot
transmit
genetic information to nucleic acid (in this case, messenger RNA)-and
shatters the elegant logic of Crick's interlocking duo of genetic
hypotheses.22
The Precise Duplication of DNA is accomplished by the living cell,
not by
the DNA
molecule alone.
The discovery of alternative splicing also bluntly contradicts
the precept
that motivated the genome project. It nullifies the exclusiveness
of the
gene's hold on the molecular process of inheritance and disproves
the
notion that by counting genes one can specify the array of proteins
that
define the scope of human inheritance. The gene's effect on inheritance
thus cannot be predicted simply from its nucleotide sequence-the
determination of which is one of the main purposes of the Human
Genome
Project. Perhaps this is why the crucial role of alternative splicing
seems
to have been ignored in the planning of the project and has been
obscured
by the cunning manner in which its chief result has been reported.
Although the genome reports do not mention it, alternative
splicing was
discovered well before the genome project was even planned-in
1978 in virus
replication23, and in 1981 in human cells.24 By 1989, when the
Human Genome
Project was still being debated among molecular biologists, its
champions
were surely aware that more than 200 scientific papers on alternative
splicing of human genes had already been published.25 Thus, the
shortfall
in the human gene count could-indeed should-have been predicted.
It is
difficult to avoid the conclusion-troublesome as it is that the
project's
planners knew in advance that the mismatch between the numbers
of genes and
proteins in the human genome was to be expected, and that the
$3 billion
project could not be justified by the extravagant claims that
the genome-or
perhaps God speaking through it would tell us who we are.26
Alternative splicing is not the only discovery over the last
forty years
that has contradicted basic precepts of the central dogma. Other
research
has tended to erode the centrality of the DNA double helix itself,
the
theory's ubiquitous icon. In their original description of the
discovery of
DNA, Watson and Crick commented that the helix's structure "immediately
suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."
Such
self-duplication is the crucial feature of life, and in ascribing
it to
DNA, Watson and Crick concluded, a bit prematurely, that they
had
discovered life's magic molecular key.27
Biological replication does include the precise duplication
of DNA, but
this is accomplished by the living cell, not by the DNA molecule
alone. In
the development of a person from a single fertilized egg, the
egg cell and
the multitude of succeeding cells divide in two. Each such division
is
preceded by a doubling of the cell's DNA; two new DNA strands
are produced
by attaching the necessary nucleotides (freely available in the
cell), in
the proper order, to each of the two DNA strands entwined in the
double
helix. As the single fertilized egg cell grows into an adult,
the genome is
replicated many billions of times, its precise sequence of three
billion
nucleotides retained with extraordinary fidelity.28 The rate of
error-that
is, the insertion into the newly made DNA sequence of a nucleotide
out of
its proper order-is about one in 10 billion nucleotides. But on
its own,
DNA is incapable of such faithful replication; in a test-tube
experiment, a
DNA strand, provided with a mixture of its four constituent nucleotides,
will line them up with about one in a hundred of them out of its
proper
place. On the other hand, when the appropriate protein enzymes
are added to
the test rube, the fidelity with which nucleotides are incorporated
in the
newly made DNA strand is greatly improved, reducing the error
rate to one
in 10 million. These remaining errors are finally reduced to one
in 10
billion by a set of "repair" enzymes (also proteins)
that detect and remove
mismatched nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA.29
GENETIC INFORMATION ARISES NOT FROM DNA ALONE BUT THROUGH
ITS ESSENTIAL COLLABORATION WITH PROTEIN ENZYMES
Thus, in the living cell the gene's nucleotide code can be
replicated
faithfully only because an array of specialized proteins intervenes
to
prevent most of the errors-which DNA by itself is prone to make-and
to
repair the few remaining ones. Moreover, it has been known since
the 1960s
that the enzymes that synthesize DNA influence its nucleotide
sequence. In
this sense, genetic information arises not from DNA alone but
through its
essential collaboration with protein enzymes-a contradiction of
the central
dogma's precept that inheritance is uniquely governed by the
self-replication of the DNA double helix.
Another important divergent observation is the following: in
order to
become biochemically active and actually generate the inherited
trait, the
newly made protein, a strung-out ribbon of a molecule, must be
folded up
into a precisely organized ball-like structure. The biochemical
events that
give rise to genetic traits-for example, enzyme action that synthesizes
a
particular eye-color pigment-take place at specific locations
on the outer
surface of the three-dimensional protein, which is created by
the
particular way in which the molecule is folded into that structure.
To
preserve the simplicity of the central dogma, Crick was required
to assume,
without any supporting evidence, that the nascent protein-a linear
molecule-always folded itself up in the right way once its amino
acid
sequence had been determined. In the 1980s, however, it was discovered
that
some nascent proteins are on their own likely to become misfolded-and
therefore remain biochemically inactive-unless they come in contact
with a
special type of "chaperone" protein that property folds
them.
The importance of these chaperones has been underlined in recent
years by
research on degenerative brain diseases that are caused by "prions,"
research that has produced some of the most disturbing evidence
that the
central dogma is dangerously misconceived.30 Crick's theory holds
that
biological replication, which is essential to an organism's ability
to
infect another organism, cannot occur without nucleic acid. Yet
when
scrapie, the earliest known such disease, was analyzed biochemically,
no
nucleic acid-neither DNA nor RNA-could be found in the infectious
material
that transmitted the disease. In the 1980s, Stanley Prusiner confirmed
that
the infectious agents that cause scrapie, mad cow disease, and
similar very
rare but invariably fatal human diseases are indeed nucleic-acid-free
proteins (he named them prions), which replicate in an entirely
unprecedented way. Invading the brain, the prion encounters a
normal brain
protein, which it then refolds to match the prion's distinctive
three-dimensional shape. The newly refolded protein itself becomes
infectious and, acting on another molecule of the normal protein,
sets up a
chain reaction that propagates the disease to its fatal end.31
The prion's unusual behavior raises important questions about
the
connection between a protein's amino acid sequence and its biochemically
active, folded-up structure. Crick assumed that the protein's
active
structure is automatically determined by its amino acid sequence
(which is,
after all, the sign of its genetic specificity), so that two proteins
with
the same sequence ought to be identical in their activity. The
prion
violates this rule. In a scrapie-infected sheep, the prion and
the brain
protein that it refolds have the same amino acid sequence, but
one is a
normal cellular component and the other is a fatal infectious
agent. This
suggests 'that the protein's folded-up configuration is, to some
degree,
independent of its amino acid sequence and therefore determined,
in part,
by something other than the DNA gene that governed the synthesis
of that
sequence. And since the prion protein's three-dimensional shape
is endowed
with transmissible genetic information, it violates another fundamental
Crick precept as well-the forbidden passage of genetic information
from one
protein to another.* Thus, what is known about the prion is a
somber
warning that processes far removed from the conceptual constraints
of the
central dogma are at work in molecular genetics and can lead to
fatal
disease.**
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
* Although Crick localizes the protein's genetic information in
its amino
acid sequence, it must also be found in the protein's three-dimensional
folded structure, at the surface of which the highly specific
biochemical
activity that generates the inherited trait takes place.
** In 1997, when Prusiner was awarded the Nobel Prize, several
scientists
publicly denounced the decision because the prion, though infectious,
is a
nucleic-acid-free protein, contradicted the central dogma and
was too
controversial to warrant the award. This bias impeded not only
scientific
progress but human health as well. Although Prusiner's results
explained
why the prion's structure resists them, conventional sterilization
procedures were nevertheless relied on to fight mad cow disease
in Britain,
with fatal results.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
By the mid 1980s, therefore, long before the $3 billion Human
Genome
Project was funded, and long before genetically modified crops
began to
appear in our fields, a series of protein-based processes had
already
intruded on the DNA gene's exclusive genetic franchise. An array
of protein
enzymes must repair the all-too-frequent mistakes in gene replication
and
in the transmission of the genetic code to proteins as well. Certain
proteins, assembled in spliceosomes, can reshuffle the RNA transcripts,
creating hundreds and even thousands of different proteins from
a single
gene. A family of chaperones, proteins that facilitate the proper
folding-
and therefore the biochemical activity-of newly made proteins,
form an
essential part of the gene-to-protein process. By any reasonable
measure,
these results contradict the central dogma's cardinal maxim: that
a DNA
gene exclusively governs the molecular processes that give rise
to a
particular inherited trait. The DNA gene clearly exerts an important
influence on inheritance, but it is not unique in that respect
and acts
only in collaboration with a multitude of protein-based processes
that
prevent and repair incorrect sequences, transform the nascent
protein into
its folded, active form, and provide crucial added genetic information
well
beyond that originating in the gene itself. The net outcome is
that no
single DNA gene is the sole source of a given protein's genetic
information
and therefore of the inherited trait.
The credibility of the Human Genome Project is not the only
casualty of the
scientific community's stubborn resistance to experimental results
that
contradict the central dogma. Nor is it the most significant casualty.
The
fact that one gene can give rise to multiple proteins also destroys
the
theoretical foundation of a multibillion-dollar industry, `the
genetic
engineering of food crops. In genetic engineering it is assumed,
without
adequate experimental proof, that a bacterial gene for an insecticidal
protein, for example, transferred to a corn plant, will produce
precisely
that protein and nothing else. Yet in that alien genetic environment,
alternative splicing of the bacterial gene might give rise to
multiple
variants of the intended protein-or even to proteins bearing little
structural relationship to the original one, with unpredictable
effects on
ecosystems and human health.
The delay in dethroning the all-powerful gene led in the 1990s
to a massive
invasion of genetic engineering into American agriculture, though
its
scientific justification had already been compromised a decade
or more
earlier. Nevertheless, ignoring the profound fact that in nature
the normal
exchange of genetic material occurs exclusively within a single
species,
biotech-industry executives have repeatedly boasted that, in comparison,
moving a gene from one species to another is not only normal but
also more
specific, precise, and predictable. In only the last five years
such
transgenic crops have taken over 68 percent of the U.S. soybean
acreage, 26
percent of the corn acreage, and more than 69 percent of the cotton
acreage.32
That the industry is guided by the central dogma was made explicit
by Ralph
W.F. Hardy, president of the National Agricultural Biotechnology
Council
and formerly director of life sciences at DuPont, a major producer
of
genetically engineered seeds. In 1999, in Senate testimony, he
succinctly
described the industry's guiding theory this way: "DNA (top
management
molecules) directs RNA formation (middle management molecules)
directs
protein formation (worker molecules)."33 The outcome of transferring
a
bacterial gene into a corn plant is expected to be as predictable
as the
result of a corporate takeover: what the workers do will be determined
precisely by what the new top management tells them to do. This
Reaganesque
version of the central dogma is the scientific foundation upon
which each
year billions of transgenic plants of soybeans, corn, and cotton
are grown
with the expectation that the particular alien gene in each of
them will be
faithfully replicated in each of the billions of cell divisions
that occur
as each plant develops; that in each of the resultant cells the
alien gene
will encode only a protein with precisely the amino acid sequence
that it
encodes in its original organism; and that throughout this biological
saga,
despite the alien presence, the plant's natural complement of
DNA will
itself be properly replicated with no abnormal changes in composition.
In an ordinary unmodified plant the reliability of this natural
genetic
process results from the compatibility between its gene system
and its
equally necessary protein-mediated systems. The harmonious relation
between
the two systems develops during their cohabitation, in the same
species,
over very long evolutionary periods, in which natural selection
eliminates
incompatible variants. In other words, within a single species
the
reliability of the successful outcome of the complex molecular
process that
gives rise to the inheritance of particular traits is guaranteed
by many
thousands of years of testing, in nature.
In a genetically engineered transgenic plant, however, the alien
transplanted bacterial gene must properly interact with the plant's
protein-mediated systems. Higher plants, such as corn, soybeans,
and
cotton, are known to possess proteins that repair DNA miscoding;34
proteins
that alternatively splice messenger RNA and thereby produce a
multiplicity
of different proteins from a single gene;35 and proteins that
chaperone the
proper folding of other, nascent proteins.36 But the plant systems'
evolutionary history is very different from the bacterial gene's.
As a
result, in the transgenic plant the harmonious interdependence
of the alien
gene and the new host's protein-mediated systems is likely to
be disrupted
in unspecified, imprecise, and inherently unpredictable ways.
In practice,
these disruptions are revealed by the numerous experimental failures
that
occur before a transgenic organism is actually produced and by
unexpected
genetic changes that occur even when the gene has been successfully
transferred.37
Most alarming is the recent evidence that in a widely grown
genetically
modified food crop-soybeans containing an alien gene for herbicide
resistance-the transgenic host plant's genome has itself been
unwittingly
altered. The Monsanto Company admitted in 2000 that its soybeans
contained
some extra fragments of the transferred gene, but nevertheless
concluded
that "no new proteins were expected or observed to be produced."38
A year
later, Belgian researchers discovered that a segment of the plant's
own DNA
had been scrambled. The abnormal DNA was large enough to produce
a new
protein, a potentially harmful protein.39
One way that such mystery DNA might arise is suggested by a
recent study
showing that in some plants carrying a bacterial gene, the plant's
enzymes
that correct DNA replication errors rearrange the alien gene's
nucleotide
sequence.40 The consequences of such changes cannot be foreseen.
The
likelihood in genetically engineered crops of even exceedingly
rare,
disruptive effects of gene transfer is greatly amplified by the
billions of
individual transgenic plants already being grown annually in the
United
States.
The degree to which such disruptions do occur in genetically modified
crops
is not known at present, because the biotechnology industry is
not required
to provide even the most basic information about the actual composition
of
the transgenic plants to the regulatory agencies. No tests, for
example,
are required to show that the plant actually produces a protein
with the
same amino acid sequence as the original bacterial protein. Yet
this
information is the only way to confirm that the transferred gene
does in
fact yield the theory-predicted product. Moreover, there are no
required
studies based on detailed analysis of the molecular structure
and
biochemical activity of the alien gene and its protein product
in the
transgenic commercial crop. Given that some unexpected effects
may develop
very slowly, crop plants should be monitored in successive generations
as
well. None of these essential tests are being performed, and billions
of
transgenic plants are now being grown with only the most rudimentary
knowledge about the resulting changes in their composition. Without
detailed, ongoing analyses of the transgenic crops, there is no
way of
knowing if hazardous consequences might arise. Given the failure
of the
central dogma, there is no assurance that they will not. The genetically
engineered crops now being grown represent a massive uncontrolled
experiment whose outcome is inherently unpredictable. The results
could be
catastrophic.
Crick's central dogma has played a powerful role in creating
both the Human
Genome Project and the unregulated spread of genetically engineered
food
crops. Yet as evidence that contradicts this governing theory
has
accumulated, it has had no effect on the decisions that brought
both of
these monumental undertakings into being. It is true that most
of the
experimental results generated by the theory confirmed the concept
that
genetic information, in the form of DNA nucleotide sequences,
is
transmitted from DNA via RNA to protein. But other observations
have
contradicted the one-to-one correspondence of gene to protein
and have
broken the DNA gene's exclusive franchise on the molecular explanation
of
heredity. In the ordinary course of science, such new facts would
be woven
into the theory, adding to its complexity, redefining its meaning,
or, as
necessary, challenging its basic premise. Scientific theories
are meant to
be falsifiable; this is precisely what makes them scientific theories.
The
central dogma has been immune to this process. Divergent evidence
is duly
reported and, often enough, generates intense research, but its
clash with
the governing theory is almost never noted.
Because of their commitment to an obsolete theory, most molecular
biologists operate under the assumption that DNA is the secret
of life,
whereas the careful observation of the hierarchy of living processes
strongly suggests that it is the other way around: DNA did not
create life;
life created DNA.41 When life was first formed on the earth, proteins
must
have appeared before DNA because, unlike DNA, proteins have the
catalytic
ability to generate the chemical energy needed to assemble small
ambient
molecules into larger ones such as DNA. DNA is a mechanism created
by the
cell to store information produced by the cell. Early life survived
because
it grew, building up its characteristic array of complex molecules.
It must
have been a sloppy kind of growth; what was newly made did not
exactly
replicate what was already there. But once produced by the primitive
cell,
DNA could become a stable place to store structural information
about the
cell's chaotic chemistry, something like the minutes taken by
a secretary
at a noisy committee meeting. There can be no doubt that the emergence
of
DNA was a crucial stage in the development of life, but we must
avoid the
mistake of reducing life to a master molecule in order to satisfy
our
emotional need for unambiguous simplicity. The experimental data,
shorn of
dogmatic theories, points to the irreducibility of the living
cell, the
inherent complexity of which suggests that any artificially altered
genetic
system, given the magnitude of our ignorance, must sooner or later
give
rise to unintended, potentially disastrous, consequences. We must
be
willing to recognize how little we truly understand about the
secrets of
the cell, the fundamental unit of life.
DNA did not create life; life created DNA
Why, then, has the central dogma continued to stand? To some
degree die
theory has been protected from criticism by a device more common
to
religion than science: dissent, or merely the discovery of a discordant
fact, is a punishable offense, a heresy that might easily lead
to
professional ostracism. Much of this bias can be attributed to
institutional inertia, a failure of rigor, but there are other,
more
insidious, reasons why molecular geneticists might be satisfied
with the
status quo; the central dogma has given them such a satisfying,
seductively
simplistic explanation of heredity that it seemed sacrilegious
to entertain
doubts. The central dogma was simply too good not to be true.
As a result, funding for molecular genetics has rapidly increased
over the
last twenty years; new academic institutions, many of them "genomic"
variants of more mundane professions, such as public health, have
proliferated. At Harvard and other universities, the biology curriculum
has
become centered on the genome. But beyond the traditional scientific
economy of prestige and the generous funding that follows it as
night
follows day, money has distorted the scientific process as a once
purely
academic pursuit has been commercialized to an astonishing degree
by the
researchers themselves. Biology has become a glittering target
for venture
capital; each new discovery brings new patents, new partnerships,
new
corporate affiliations. But as the growing opposition to transgenic
crops
clearly shows, there is persistent public concern not only with
the safety
of genetically engineered foods but also) with the inherent dangers
in
arbitrarily overriding patterns of inheritance that are embedded
in the
natural world. through long evolutionary experience. Too often
those
concerns have been derided by industry scientists as the "irrational"
fears
of an uneducated public. The irony, of course, is that the biotechnology
industry is based on science that is forty years old and conveniently
devoid of more recent results, which show that there are strong
reasons to
fear the potential consequences of transferring a DNA gene between
species.
What the public fears is not the experimental science but the
fundamentally
irrational decision to let it out of the laboratory into the real
world
before we truly understand it.
References
1: Dolly. Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH.
Viable
offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature.
1997.
385(6619):810-3.
2: ANDi. Chan AWS, Chong KY, Martinovich C, Simerly C, and Schatten
G.
Transgenic Monkeys Produced by Retroviral Gene Transfer into Mature
Oocytes. Science. 2001. 291:309-312.
3: Pigs that carry a gene for bovine growth hormone. Pursel VG,
Pinkert CA,
Miller KF, Bolt DJ, Campbell RG, Palmiter RD, Brinster RL, Hammer
RE.
Genetic engineering of livestock. Science. 1989. 244(4910):1281-8.
4: Genetically engineered corn and soybean plants. Thayer AM.
Agbiotech.
Chem. Engin. News. Oct 2, 2000. page.....
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Date: Jan 24 - 2005
Russian DNA Discoveries Explain Human -
'Paranormal' Events
Summarized by Baerbel, Edited and translated, 1-17-5
The full article can be viewed - in English - on the Kontext website http://www.fosar-bludorf.com/index_eng.htm
Esoteric and spiritual teachers have known for ages that our body is programmable by language, words and thought. This has now been scientifically proven and explained. The human DNA is a biological Internet and superior in many aspects to the artificial one. The latest Russian scientific research directly or indirectly explains phenomena such as clairvoyance, intuition, spontaneous and remote acts of healing, self healing, affirmation techniques, unusual light/auras around people (namely spiritual masters), mindâ¬"s influence on weather patterns and much more.
In addition, there is evidence for a whole new type of medicine in which DNA can be influenced and reprogrammed by words and frequencies WITHOUT cutting out and replacing single genes. Only 10% of our DNA is being used for building proteins. It is this subset of DNA that is of interest to western researchers and is being examined and categorized. The other 90% are considered "junk DNA." The Russian researchers, however, convinced that nature was not dumb, joined linguists and geneticists in a venture to explore that 90% of "junk DNA." Their results, findings and conclusions are simply revolutionary!
According to their findings, our DNA is not only responsible for the construction of our body but also serves as data storage and communication. The Russian linguists found that the genetic code - especially in the apparent "useless" 90% - follows the same rules as all our human languages. To this end they compared the rules of syntax (the way in which words are put together to form phrases and sentences), semantics (the study of meaning in language forms) and the basic rules of grammar. They found that the alkalines of our DNA follow a regular grammar and do have set rules just like our languages. Therefore, human languages did not appear coincidentally but are a reflection of our inherent DNA.
The Russian biophysicist and molecular biologist Pjotr Garjajev and his colleagues also explored the vibrational behavior of DNA. In brief the bottom line was: "Living chromosomes function just like a holographic computer using endogenous DNA laser radiation." This means that they managed, for example, to modulate certain frequency patterns (sound) onto a laser-like ray which influenced DNA frequency and thus the genetic information itself. Since the basic structure of DNA-alkaline pairs and of language (as explained earlier) is of the same structure, no DNA decoding is necessary. One can simply use words and sentences of the human language! This, too, was experimentally proven! Living DNA substance (in living tissue, not in vitro) will always react to language-modulated laser rays and even to radio waves, if the proper frequencies (sound) are being used. This finally and scientifically explains why affirmations, hypnosis and the like can have such strong effects on humans and their bodies. It is entirely normal and natural for our DNA to react to language.
While western researchers cut single genes from DNA strands and insert them elsewhere, the Russians enthusiastically created devices that influence cellular metabolism through modulated radio and light frequencies, thus repairing genetic defects. They even captured information patterns of a particular DNA and transmitted it onto another, thus reprogramming cells to another genome. So they successfully transformed, for example, frog embryos to salamander embryos simply by transmitting the DNA information patterns! This way the entire information was transmitted without any of the side effects or disharmonies encountered when cutting out and re-introducing single genes from the DNA. This represents an unbelievable, world-transforming revolution and sensation: by simply applying vibration (sound frequencies) and language instead of the archaic cutting-out procedure! This experiment points to the immense power of wave genetics, which obviously has a greater influence on the formation of organisms than the biochemical processes of alkaline sequences.
Esoteric and spiritual teachers have known for ages that our body is programmable by language, words and thought. This has now been scientifically proven and explained. Of course the frequency has to be correct. And this is why not everybody is equally successful or can do it with always the same strength. The individual person must work on the inner processes and development in order to establish a conscious communication with the DNA. The Russian researchers work on a method that is not dependent on these factors but will ALWAYS work, provided one uses the correct frequency. But the higher developed an individual's consciousness is, the less need is there for any type of device: one can achieve these results by oneself. Science will finally stop laughing at such ideas and will confirm and explain the results. And it doesn't end there.
The Russian scientists also found out that our DNA can cause disturbing patterns in a vacuum, thus producing magnetized wormholes! Wormholes are the microscopic equivalents of the so-called Einstein-Rosen bridges in the vicinity of black holes (left by burned-out stars). These are tunnel connections between entirely different areas in the universe through which information can be transmitted outside of space and time. The DNA attracts these bits of information and passes them on to our consciousness. This process of hyper-communication (telepathy, channeling) is most effective in a state of relaxation. Stress, worry or a hyperactive intellect prevent successful hyper-communication or the information will be totally distorted and useless. In nature, hyper-communication has been successfully applied for millions of years. The organized flow of life in insects proves this dramatically.
Modern man knows it only on a much more subtle level as "intuition." But we, too, can regain full use of it. As an example from nature, when a queen ant is separated from her colony, the remaining worker ants will continue building fervently according to plan. However, if the queen is killed, all work in the colony stops. No ant will know what to do. Apparently, the queen transmits the "building plans" even if far away - via the group consciousness with her subjects. She can be as far away as she wants, as long as she is alive. In humans, hyper-communication is most often encountered when one suddenly gains access to information that is outside one's knowledge base. Such hyper-communication is then experienced as inspiration or intuition (also in trance channeling). The Italian composer Giuseppe Tartini, for instance, dreamt one night that a devil sat at his bedside playing the violin. The next morning Tartini was able to note down the piece exactly from memory. He called it the Devil's Trill Sonata.
For years, a 42-year old male nurse dreamt of a situation in which he was hooked up to a kind of knowledge CD-ROM. Verifiable knowledge from all imaginable fields was then transmitted to him that he was able to recall in the morning. There was such a flood of information that it seemed a whole encyclopedia was transmitted at night. The majorities of facts were outside his personal knowledge base and reached technical details of which he knew absolutely nothing. When hyper-communication occurs, one can observe in the DNA, as well as in the human, supernatural phenomena. The Russian scientists irradiated DNA samples with laser light. On screen, a typical wave pattern was formed. When they removed the DNA sample, the wave pattern did not disappear, it remained.
Many controlled experiments showed that the pattern continued to come from the removed sample, whose energy field apparently remained by itself. This effect is now called phantom DNA effect. It is surmised that energy from outside of space and time still flows through the activated wormholes after the DNA was removed. The side effects encountered most often in hyper-communication in humans are inexplicable electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the persons concerned. Electronic devices like CD players and the like can be irritated and cease to function for hours. When the electromagnetic field slowly dissipates, the devices function normally again. Many healers and psychics know this effect from their work: the better the atmosphere and energy, the more frustrating it can be for recording devices as they stop functioning at that exact moment. Often by next morning all is back to normal. Perhaps this is reassuring to read for many, as it has nothing to do with them being technically inept; it means they are good at hyper-communication.
In their book Vernetzte Intelligenz, Grazyna Gosar and Franz Bludorf explain these connections precisely and clearly. The authors also quote sources presuming that in earlier times humanity had been just like the animals: very strongly connected to group consciousness and thereby acted as a group. In order to develop and experience individuality, however, we humans had to forget hyper-communication almost completely. Now that we are fairly stable in our individual consciousness, we can create a new form of group consciousness - namely one in which we attain access to all information via our DNA without being forced or remotely controlled about what to do with that information. We now know that just as we use the internet, our DNA can feed proper data into the network, can retrieve data from the network, and can establish contact with other participants in the network. Remote healing, telepathy or "remote sensing" about the state of another can thus be explained. Some animals know from afar when their owners plan to return home. This can be freshly interpreted and explained via the concepts of group consciousness and hyper-communication.
Any collective consciousness cannot be sensibly used over any period of time without a distinctive individuality; otherwise we would revert to a primitive herd instinct that is easily manipulated. Hyper-communication in the new millennium means something quite different. Researchers think that if humans with full individuality would regain group consciousness, they would have a god-like power to create, alter and shape things on Earth! AND humanity is collectively moving toward such a group consciousness of the new kind. Fifty percent of children will become a problem as soon as they go to school, since the system lumps everyone together and demands adjustment. But the individuality of today's children is so strong that they refuse this adjustment and resist giving up their idiosyncrasies in the most diverse ways. At the same time more and more clairvoyant children are born. Something in those children is striving more towards the group consciousness of the new kind, and it can no longer be suppressed. As a rule, weather for example is rather difficult to influence by a single individual. But it may be influenced by group consciousness (nothing new about this to some indigenous tribes).
Weather is strongly influenced by Earth resonance frequencies (Schumann frequencies). But those same frequencies are also produced in our brains, and when many people synchronize their thinking or when individuals (spiritual masters, for instance) focus their thoughts in a laser-like fashion, then it is not at all surprising that they can influence the weather. A modern day civilization which develops group consciousness would have neither environmental problems nor scarcity of energy: for if it were to use such mental powers as a unified civilization, it would have control of the energies of its home planet as a natural consequence. When a great number of people become unified with higher intention as in meditating on peace - potentials of violence also dissolve.
Apparently, DNA is also an organic superconductor that can work at normal body temperature, as opposed to artificial superconductors which require extremely low temperatures between 200 and 140°C to function. In addition, all superconductors are able to store light and thus information. This further explains how DNA can store information. There is another phenomenon linked to DNA and wormholes. Normally, these super-small wormholes are highly unstable and are maintained only for the tiniest fractions of a second. Under certain conditions stable wormholes can organize themselves, which then form distinctive vacuum domains in which for example, gravity can transform into electricity. Vacuum domains are self-radiant balls of ionized gas that contain considerable amounts of energy. There are regions in Russia where such radiant balls appear very often.
Following the ensuing confusion the Russians started massive research programs leading finally to some of the discoveries mentions above. Many people know vacuum domains as shiny balls in the sky. The attentive look at them in wonder and ask themselves, what they could be. I thought once: "Hello up there. If you happen to be a UFO, fly in a triangle." And suddenly, the light balls moved in a triangle. Or they shot across the sky like ice hockey pucks: they accelerated from zero to crazy speeds while sliding silently across the sky. One is left gawking and I have, as many others, too, thought them to be UFOs. Friendly ones, apparently, as they flew in triangles just to please me. Now, the Russians found - in the regions where vacuum domains often appear - that sometimes fly as balls of light from the ground upwards into the sky, and that these balls can be guided by thought. Since then it has been found that vacuum domains emit waves of low frequency that are also produced in our brains and because of this similarity of waves they are able to react to our thoughts. To run excitedly into one that is on ground level might not be such a great idea, because those balls of light can contain immense energies and are capable of mutating our genes.
Many spiritual teachers also produce such visible balls or columns of light in deep meditation or during energy work, which trigger decidedly pleasant feelings and do not cause any harm. Apparently this is also dependent on some inner order, quality and origin of the vacuum domain. There are some spiritual teachers, like the young Englishman Ananda, for example, with whom nothing is seen at first, but when one tries to take a photograph while they sit and speak or meditate in hyper-communication, one gets only a picture of a white cloud on a chair. In certain Earth healing projects, such light effects also appear on photographs. Simply put, this phenomena has to do with gravity and anti-gravity forces that are ever more stable forms of wormholes and displays of hyper-communication with energies from outside our time and space structure. Earlier generations that experienced such hyper-communication and visible vacuum domains were convinced that an angel had appeared before them: and we cannot be too sure to what forms of consciousness we can get access when using hyper-communication.
Not having scientific proof for their actual existence, people having had such experiences do NOT all suffer from hallucinations. We have simply made another giant step towards understanding our reality. Official science also knows of gravity anomalies on Earth that contribute to the formation of vacuum domains. Recently gravity anomalies have been found in Rocca di Papa, south of Rome.
The full article can be viewed - in English - on the Kontext
website http://www.fosar-bludorf.com/index_eng.htm